How to Reform Policing in America ?

When police officers are told they’re in a war, they act like it
A CIA officer turned cop speaks out.
By Ezra Klein@ezraklein Jun 2, 2020, Vox

Patrick Skinner spent a decade running counterterrorism operations overseas for the CIA. He worked in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Jordan; met with kings and presidents; rose through the ranks. But he came to believe he was part of the problem, that the very premise of the work was flawed. So he came home, and joined the police force in Savannah, Georgia, where he grew up.

I first learned about Skinner in a New Yorker profile. Then a friend mentioned his Twitter feed to me: There, Skinner reflects, in a thoughtful, continual stream, on the work of policing, the importance of treating your neighbors like neighbors, the daily work of deescalation, and the behavior of his menagerie of pets.

Skinner has been particularly outspoken in the aftermath of George Floyd’s death. “We have to change our profession,” he wrote. “We aren’t warriors. We aren’t at war with our neighbors.”

I spoke with Skinner by phone on Sunday. He emphasized that his views are his own, and he wasn’t speaking on behalf of his department or all police. But what he has to say is, I think, important. A transcript of our conversation, edited for length and clarity, follows.
Ezra Klein

What did you see when you watched the video of George Floyd’s death?
Patrick Skinner

A murder. No semantics. No justification. They just killed that guy. I drove home and in a six-minute commute, I was in tears. And it was that I saw the other cops in the video. One of them even looked like me. They were stopping the bystanders, telling them to get back. It’s not just that this cop did this. The other cops stopped anyone from stopping him.
Ezra Klein

What should they have done?

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ALSO SEE: Further Resources on the subject

The Role of Policing in America: Charles Koch Institute

Reformning Policing in America: Equal Justice Initiative
How to reform American police, according to experts: As protesters demonstrate against police violence, here are eight ideas for reforming law enforcement in the US.

10 things we know about race and policing in the U.S. - Pew Research Survey

Policing in America: The Posse Comitatus Act and Police Militarization - Joint Force Quarterly, National Defense University 

Protests and Policing in America Today: Five Critical Lessons

Protests and Policing in America Today: Five Critical Lessons

By Hassan Abbas

Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies, National Defense University Washington DC

June 5, 2020

The widespread protests across the United States in the aftermath of the tragic killing of George Floyd, a 46-year-old African American, at the hands of a police officer raises important questions about police professionalism and rule of law. Police organizations across the world and in the US are already under severe stress due to the Covid – 19 challenge. The ongoing protests bring to the limelight how ordinary Americans are registering their anger and frustration at poor policing practices that are being seen as a regular law enforcement feature in certain areas. It is a sensitive issue with implications for racial harmony.

It is important to learn lessons from this unfortunate development and ponder over effective responses. In principle, protests are a sign of a healthy democratic order. Protests are a political tool for sure, but at the core these are also about justice and human dignity. Here are the five critical factors to consider:

1. A crisis can quickly turn into chaos if people lose hope in rule of law system. From a law enforcement angle, the most effective way to nurture hope and public confidence in rule of law is to utilize a community policing model. The essence of this idea revolves around building trust between police and ordinary citizens. It is about serving people, resolving conflicts peacefully, and helping people feel secure.

2. Peaceful protests as a reflection of freedom of speech and freedom of assembly are a way to strengthen democracy. Protests emphasize the importance of accountability. Use of force to quell protests always backfires as evident from many examples across the world.

3. The fundamental police principles as framed by Sir Robert Peel, father of modern policing, offer highly valuable lessons for policing challenges today: ‘winning public approval requires hard work to build reputation, enforcing laws impartially, hiring officers who understand community and using force as a last resort.’

4. The 8 principles of Rule of Law explained by former British judge Tom Bingham are worth internalizing today for all and sundry. The most relevant today of these perhaps is ‘equality before law.’

5. Freedom of speech and assembly should not be construed as freedom to create chaos or commit crimes. Still, it is unfair to expect those grieving and protesting to ensure that no one takes law into their own hands. This is indeed a collective responsibility, but more importantly state institutions are the ones primarily responsible to ensure that protests are not used by criminal elements for their own ends.

The need for institutional police reforms, especially through introducing community policing protocols in basic police training and ensuring adequate gender and racial representation across law enforcement institutions, is more urgent today than ever before.

References and Sources:
Sir Robert Peel’s Policing Principles
Tom Bingham’s Principles of Rule of Law
Understanding Community Policing: A Framework for Action, U.S. Department of Justice:
Why So Many Police are Handling the Protests Wrong
Policing Protests: Lessons from the Occupy Movement, Ferguson and Beyond: A Guide for Police